At the beginning of the last century, the human papillom virus was mentioned as the reason for the appearance of the nipples.But later it has been shown that it could cause the development of genital cancer in representatives of both sexes and the cancers of throat and rectum.Depending on the range of clinical events, doctors have managed to distinguish different types of HPV and combine them into a particular system.
All you need to know about the virus of the human papillo
An increasing number of people wonders: HPV infection - What is it?This abbreviation signifies a group of viruses that are common and heterogeneous in structure, capable of influencing the skin and mucosa.This substance infection occurs from a long period.So, the nipples are known since the Greeks and Romans, and on the conjulomas of an agenial region earlier.The PCR could even distinguish the DNA of the HPV type of 18 types of Mom Maria Aragon (XVI century).And only at the beginning of the 21st century, he did the opportunity to influence the spread of the pathogenic agent.
Classification principles
There are several opinions regarding the number of types of HPV.It was officially determined that the group includes more than 170 strains.They make up 5 generals, and about 130 agents described in detail and studied.But scientists already know almost 600 species found in humans.
The first time, HPV, as individual species was registered in 1971. years.To date, knowledge was enriched enriched, which served as an incentive for creating a classification, which reflects not only species, but also the genus belonging to.In practice, this is of great importance, as it helps to determine the clinical manifestations and the form of flow of infection.
The types of viruses are identified according to the following criteria:
- Way of transmission;
- goals (skin or mucosa);
- diseases that develop due to infection;
- degree of oncogence.
The classification of degree of carcinogenicity is required to prevent the consequences associated with the development of cancer.
Types of HPV:
- Low risk - 2, 12, 14, 42-44;
- Average risk - types 31, 35, 51;
- High risk - 16, 18, 45, 56, 58, 59.
This classification allows you to clearly evaluate the degree of risk and develop an adequate treatment strategy.
The most dangerous strains
It has been proven that HPV can provoke growing dermis and lead to the formation of benign formations on the face, neck, back, stomach, which looks like a nipple, papillom, bean dysplasia.But the high-poisogen pathogen in a large majority of cases causes the development of oncology and in men and women.The virus is mainly transfers sexually, and the obstacles of contraceptives are unable to provide 100% protection from its penetration.
The following strains are considered the most dangerous:
- Condylomatosis (phenomenon of pointed growth) - 6, 42.
- Small flat formations formed on the walls of the core channel and canal - 30, 33, 42, 43, 55, 57, 64, 67.
- Cercino's uterine cervix is 31, 35, 39, 54, 66. The most dangerous are HPV 16. and 18. species.
It's important to know!Even after identifying the type of virus, you should not panic, because the smallest strains have been able to be in a state of "sleep" for a long time.Therefore, from infection to the formation of cervical cancer, decades may pass decades.
The penetration of the virus into the body
Papillomavirus is considered extremely infectious, and each species can be conveyed to a certain method.
The main options of the pathogen penetration in the "Victim" body are as follows:
- In sexual contact with a virus bracket.The most common way of infection.The danger is also a traditional and other version of the relationship.Since the size of the pathogen is much less than the diameter of the condom, contraception cannot provide 100% protection.
- The vertical type of infection includes the transmission of the virus to the mother's child in the work process.The non-market agent may cause a newborn laryngeal papillomatosis in a newborn, ie the formation of growth and mouth growth, and less often genitalia.
- The contact-household for household infection is also considered usual.Some strains differ in survival, so they can maintain their activity in a damp environment.When visiting saunas, swimming pools, bathing areas, with joint use of personal hygiene cases, the risk of infection is growing, especially if there is incorrect microwave ovens on the skin.
- Auto-recolulation or self-efficiency may occur by accidental transmission of a live viral cell from the damaged area to healthy skin parts during shaving, hair removal and simply non-compliance with hygiene rules.
It's important to know!Canceling agent of high carcinogenic risk is transmitted mainly sexually, and the obstacles of contraception do not guarantee complete protection against infection.This is due to not only small the size of the virus, but also in its localization on the surface of Dermis, is not covered with condom.
Reasons for advancing papillomatosis
Regardless of the degree of oncogenity, HPV is treacherous, ie able to live in the human body without turning in any way.Depending on the state of the immune system, the incubation period may last from 2-3 weeks in a few dozen years.Therefore, people who do not have external signs do not doubt the infectious agent in their body.
SWIFT expansion also does not start immediately, but only under favorable conditions, namely, the weakening of the protection mechanism, which occurs on the background of the following factors:
- stress, excessiveness;
- light and monotonous diet;
- Hormonal breaches;
- Bad habits - smoking tobacco and alcohol abuse;
- Frequent abortions, complications after childbirth;
- inflammatory and infectious diseases of the genitourinary system;
- Ippp, including AIDS, HIV, herpes;
- Chronic diseases in the stage of deterioration;
- A period of pregnancy.
The risk group is generally of fairer sex.The probability of infection increases people of reproductive age of 20-45 years, leading active sex life.
Symptoms at different stages
Papillomavirus infection can be imposed or leak in latent or subclinical form.Symptomatic disease manifestations are changeable, due to the type of HPV, its danger.The hidden course of the disease is characterized by the absence of characters.
External signs:
- Papillomas;
- Flat and vulgar nipples;
- Sharp condyloma.
Forms that are not visible during external views:
- discosatosis;
- Cololic;
- Epitelium dysplasia.
Relapse against the background of papillomavirus appear in the form of such pathology:
- Discosatosis with mild epithelial changes;
- actually a dysplasia;
- Cancer tumor;
- Carcinom with flat cells.
It's important to know!In the event of damage to the virus on the nephogere of nature, the formation of nipples is possible, localized on the palms, legs soles.In the absence of cosmetic discomfort, the removal indications do not exist.
In a woman, fever, cold, itching, the increase in temperature and vaginal discharge develops during aggravation.
More about the consequences
The type and seriousness of the HPV infection are pathogenic activities and its species.With a high-oncogenic risk genotype, long-term replication helps to increase the number of cellular structures with the mutation of genomes.
Against the background of bacterial vaginosis, the transformation of the cervical epithelium, as well as a number of other pathological processes that appear in the body, the risk of the precise phase or the development of a malignant tumor increases.
The latter includes the following countries.
- Cervical cancer.Another disease after a milk gland cancer in women.More than 70% of all cases are caused by activities 16 and 18 types of HPV.
- Cancer of vagina and vulva.In the structure of onkopathology, an agenital region occupies a leading place.Each ten case is caused by low -kogeny strains of 6 or 11, and a third of all diseases causes the virus 16 and 18.
- Anal cancer.It was found mainly in women, but also entered in men homosexuals practicing an unconventional relationship method, although doctors do not exclude another way to transmit infection.The cause of onkopathology is the activity of HPV 18 and 16.
Of course, it is not a sentence, but in connection with these data, the need for careful diagnosis of gynecological and cancer is increasing.Comprehensive testing enables the early stages to identify structural changes in cells and tissues, which helps determine with human papillomavirus how to treat it properly.
Diagnostic procedures
As already mentioned, diagnostic measures play an important role in HPV infection damage.
A modern review is performed by special attention and includes several procedures:
- Primary counseling includes visual inspection to identify external signs (nipples, papillomes).If the growth is in the urogenital region, the doctor directs the patient for an additional inspection of cervix or urethroscopy.
- Papa test or cytological examination with a smear according to Papanicolau.According to the results that are divided into classes, the doctor determines the risks of the infectious process.Thus, 1. And 2. The degree indicates the normal condition of the tissue, 3 - the beginning of pathological changes, fourth and 5. The class is characterized by the presence of oncogenic cells.
- Colposcopy.It is performed in the case of dysplastic changes in the tissues of the cervix.Testing using acetic acid prescribes to clarify the activity of papillom virus.The positive result is manifested in the form of a mosaic sample on the epithelial surface.
- Histology.The sample study of the affected tissue is done if necessary to learn in the study and pathological changes that occur in them.You can identify the epithelial structures of especially great size during the process.
- PCR.The most common and the most common information test.Using the chain reaction of the polymerase, it is possible to type typification, determine the degree of oncogenicity, maximum blood concentration.
- Digene test.The modern innovative research method allows you to clarify existing results and determine the likelihood of formation of oncology education.
Compared to men, the same diagnostic tactics are performed.After visual examination, he goes to tests.According to the results of the test, the specialist is able to assess the complexity of the clinical case and prescribe adequate treatment.
Access treatment
Today, there is no drugs that could fully and forever destroy a viral infection in the body.If self-defense has not happened, then the most promising comprehensive combination approach is.HPCHS treatment includes surgical removal of papillomes or nipples on the background of systemic therapy with drugs, homeopathy modes, folk methods.There are several options for destroying growth.
Radio surgical.With a special knife, the formation was cut, after which coagulation is made and the bend is applied.
Laser.Without Krkov and a painless manner.At the point of removal, Raiara remains under which the healing process takes place.The lack is the appearance of scars.
Electrical agulating.The procedure is largely similar to two previous ones in terms of efficiency, costs and effective exposure.
Cryodruction.Processing growth of any type of liquid nitrogen.After freezing, they reject them with a skin.Available price, lack of blood, scars make this method the most attractive.
Surgical excision.It is performed extremely rarely, only according to the indications in case of doubt in the likelihood of the development of oncology.Growth were cut with the help of a scalpel.
The systemic treatment of the papillomavirus allows us to strengthen immunity, reduce the concentration of DNA agent in the blood and prevent the development of malignant processes.
This purpose is appointed by tablets:
- Immunomodulators;
- Antivirus agents;
- Cytostatics.
The duration of the course treatments is 10-14 days.If there is a permanent sexual partner, it is necessary to convince it to pass the exam and start therapy.You should also not get rid of the growth yourself.
Preventive measures
Because human papillomavirus is easily spreading among people of all ages, there is no guaranteed way to protect it from penetration.According to patient reviews, vaccination is a reliable option to prevent infection.
Modern medicine offers special serums as prevention.Drugs are produced in the form of suspension, in one-time syringe, which facilitates the introduction of vaccines and minimizes the risks of infection.Girls and boys 9-14 years, as well as young women under 26 years old, are subject to immunization.Serums are well tolerated from the body.
Vaccination is performed in preventive purposes and cannot act as a medicine.
In order to reduce the risk of infection, it is necessary to adhere to simple recommendations.
- Carefully monitor personal hygiene;
- resolve bad habits;
- strengthen immunity, playing sports;
- Exercise just safe sex, avoid random connections;
- Carefully access the choice of a sexual partner;
- Passing is a screening gynecologist, Veneralog.
A serious attitude towards your health will help avoid infection, and in the case of virus penetration - to reduce the likelihood in its expansion.
Conclusion
HPV is the most common option of infection from which no person can be protected.To prevent the activation of the virus, it is necessary to respect the measures of prevention and reduce the risk of oncology to pass the planned reviews on time and consulted with experts.